Jefferson Non-Linear Transformers

These transformers are designed to meet the non-linear load demands caused by computers and other modern electronic equipment. These types of loads can cause severe overheating in distribution transformers designed to meet the needs of a pre-electronic era. The Jefferson® Plus™ line of non-linear transformers provides safe and efficient operation in non-linear load environments.

Products
424 Series: 15 KVA through 112.5 KVA*
224 Series: 150 KVA through 300 KVA*

Applications
For all electronic loads to meet non-linear load demands caused by modern office equipment
For indoor/outdoor applications

Specifications
K-4, K-13, K-20 rated units standard
Meets NEMA TP-1 standard for energy efficiency
Cores of high quality, low loss, electrical steel
Aluminum or copper windings
Cores designed for reduced flux densities to compensate for harmonic voltage distortion
NEMA 1-rated enclosures standard
Electrostatically shielded
220ºC insulation class standard
150ºC, 115ºC, and 80ºC temperature rise
Heat-cured ASA-61 gray powder coat finish
Proudly made in U.S.A.
Features, Functions, Benefits
Designed with lower weight and smaller size for easier handling and installation
Large connection compartment for ease of wiring and installation
Quiet operation for installation flexibility
Hassle-free front cover installation
Taps provided on primary to compensate for voltage variations
Standards
Built in accordance with NEMA, ANSI, UL and CSA standards
*Options and Accessories
CE Marked units available
Other sizes, voltages, and connections available as custom
Other K-factor rated units available as custom
NEMA 3R-rated weathershields available
Wall mount brackets available

These transformers are designed to meet the non-linear load demands caused by computers and
other modern electronic equipment. These types of loads can cause severe overheating in distribution
transformers designed to meet the needs of a pre-electronic era. The Jefferson® Plus™ line of non-linear
transformers provides safe and efficient operation in non-linear load environments.
Transformers for today’s electronic environment
The K-factor is a rating devised by Underwriters Laboratories to provide uniform standards for transformers designed to handle non-linear loads. The more odd-harmonic currents present, the higher the K-factor specified in sizing the transformer. To calculate the K-factor, multiply the square of the percentage of harmonic current by the square of the harmonic order and add the results. For example, if a load is 60% of the fundamental, 65% of the third harmonic, 30% of the fifth harmonic, and 35% of the seventh harmonic, the resulting K-factor would be 12.42: (.6)2 1 + (.65)2(3)2 + (.30)2(5)2 + (.35)2(7)2 = 12.42
In this example, a transformer with a K-factor of 13 should be specified. The K-factor rating defines the transformer's ability to withstand odd-harmonic currents while operating within its insulation class. When the K-factor is unknown, a transformer may be selected by using the table to the right as a guide.
The K-factor
K-1- Resistance heating, Incandescent lighting, Motors Transformers
• Control
• Distribution
K-4 -  Welders, Induction heaters, HID lighting, Fluorescent lighting, Solid state controls
K-13- Telecommunications, equipment, Branch circuits in classrooms and healthcare facilities
K-20- Mainframe computers, Variable speed drives Branch circuits with exclusive loads of data processing
equipment

Why Your Existing Transformer May Be Inadequate

Traditional transformers were designed to handle the purely resistive electrical loads created mainly by
standard lighting and motors. The currents drawn by these loads are sinusoidal in shape, as is the
waveshape of the supply voltage. When the loads are linear and balanced as in a typical three-phase
system, the neutral current flow is zero. This is because the three-phase currents are 120 degrees out
of phase with each other and cancel in the neutral. The sinusoidal current waveshape is the foundation
for wire-size calculations, for determining how to balance loads to reduce neutral currents, and for
subsequently reducing the size of neutral conductors to reduce material costs.
The Phenomenon of Odd Harmonics
The switched mode power supply (SMPS) current drawn by electronic equipment bears little
resemblance to the current drawn by purely resistive loads. Instead of the traditional sinusoidal
waveform, SMPS current waveforms occur in sharp bursts. This irregularity of the SMPS waveform
produces a non-linear load as opposed to the linear load produced by the sinusoidal waveform.
Non-linear loads on the other hand, are rich in odd harmonics, which are multiples of the fundamental
60 Hertz frequency. The major components of harmonic currents in switched mode power supplies are
the third and fifth harmonics. Non-linear, off-harmonic current components become additive in the
neutral and can result in a neutral current as much as double the phase current, even in a balanced
system.
How Harmonics Affect Transformers
When these odd-harmonic currents are present, winding losses increase. The I2R or conductor losses
are higher because harmonics increase the current. Stray losses in windings also increase because of
additional eddy currents circulating within the conductors. The combination of these additional losses
generate excessive heat in the transformer coils. Transformer insulation systems are designed to
accommodate temperature increases due to normal stray losses. However, when required to carry
non-linear loads, the heat generated exceeds the designed rating, reducing the life of the transformer
and creating the possibility of premature failure.
De-rating is Not the Answer
De-rating a traditional linear transformer to compensate for heat build-up requires higher installation
costs, provides poor energy efficiency.

SELECTION CHARTS

K-4 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 112.5 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 150 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to



K-4 Three-Phase
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -001 suffix to -801

K-4 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 112.5 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 150 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -011 suffix to -811

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -011 suffix to -811

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -011 suffix to -811

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

K-4 Three-Phase
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

*For units with Copper windings change the -011 suffix to -811

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

*For units with Copper windings change the -011 suffix to -811

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

K-4 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 112.5 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
80°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 150 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

 

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

K-4 Three-Phase
80°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -081 suffix to -881

K-13 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 112.5 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 150 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -002 suffix to -802

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -002 suffix to -802

240 V - 208Y120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -002 suffix to -802

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

K-13 Three-Phase
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -002 suffix to -802

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -002 suffix to -802

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

K-13 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 75 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 112.5 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -012 suffix to -812

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -012 suffix to -812

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -012 suffix to -812

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

K-13 Three-Phase
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

For units with Copper windings change the -012 suffix to -812

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

For units with Copper windings change the -012 suffix to -812

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

K-20 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 75 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 112.5 to 300 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

K-20 Three-Phase
150°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -003 suffix to -803

K-20 Three-Phase Taps: 15 to 75 KVA 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield 112.5 to 225 KVA 1@ 5% FCAN & 2@ 5% FCBN

208 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

208 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

240 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

240 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to


K-20 Three-Phase
115°C Temperature Rise • Electrostatic Shield, Taps: 2@ 2.5% FCAN & 4@ 2.5% FCBN

480 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

480 V - 480Y/277 V – Aluminum windings*

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

600 V - 208Y/120 V – Aluminum windings*

 

* For units with Copper windings change the -013 suffix to -813

• Jefferson Single-Phase Encapsulated Transformers
• Jefferson Single-phase Ventilated Transformers
• Jefferson Three-Phase Encapsulated Transformers
• Jefferson Three-phase Ventilated Transformers
• Jefferson Rugged Duty Three-Phase Encapsulated Transformers
• Jefferson Drive Isolation Transformers

• Jefferson Non-Linear Transformers

• Jefferson Buck Boost Transformers 
• Jefferson Low Voltage End Bell Style Transformers

 Power Transformer Information:

 Power Transformer Manufacturer

• ACME Transformers - With Acme Electric being in business over 80 years, they have always believed in offering there customers superior service, quality and technical expertise in the transformer market.
• AMVECO Transformers - AMVECO designs and manufactures toroids transformers, current transformers, and auto transformers. Most AMVECO products are custom designed utilizing their state-of-art proprietary CAD programs.  The AMVECO engineers can quickly generate designs in a matter of hours, if needed.
• Federal Pacific Transformers -  Federal Pacific is a division of Electro- Mechanical Corporation, a privately held, American owned company founded in 1958. Federal pacific offers dry-type transformers from .050 KVA through 10,000 KVA single and three phase, up to 34.5 KV, 150 KV BIL with UL approval through 15 KV.
• Marcus Transformer - Ever since they opened their doors for business a half a century ago, they have been a leader in innovative transformer design. As a family-owned company they are proud of the reputation they have earned for making quality-built transformers that deliver exceptional performance and savings.
• Hammond Transformers -  Hammond Manufacturing was founded in 1917 in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. In the last 3 decades it has expanded to the US and the international markets offering many types of power transformers. 
• TEMCo Transformers - TEMCo Transformer, a family-owned business which has been manufacturing and distributing electrical products since 1968. They focus on transformers that significantly reduce power consumption over 30 percent compared to competitive makes.
• GE Transformers - GE has been a key player in the energy industry for more than a century.  Since the installation of their first steam turbine in 1901. They have become number one provider of high-technology power generation and distribution equipment.
• Jefferson Electric Transformers - Jefferson Electric has been a pioneer and innovator of magnetic products since 1915. Jefferson broad line of dry-type transformers are backed by quality assurance systems so stringent that each and every unit gets thoroughly tested before it goes out there door.
• More power transformer brands - Check out more companies by clinking this link.

 Power Transformer Types

• Distribution Transformers - Distribution transformers are generally used in electrical power distribution and transmission power. This class of transformer has the highest power, or volt-ampere ratings. and the highest continuous  voltage rating.
• Substation Transformers - Substation Transformers are large devices which usually weigh tens of thousands of pounds.   They are filled with tens of thousands of gallons of heat transfer fluid.  Although they are typically 99.8% efficient in the transforming of electricity from one voltage to another, processing hundreds of Mega Volts-Amps of electricity force the liberation of hundreds of BTUs per second.
• Medical Grade Isolation
   Transformer - Medical Grade Transformers generally refer to the transformers used in medical devices as well as hospital, biomedical and patient care equipment. There are a number of strict safety rules, guidelines and laws governing the design, construction and the test of these transformers.
• Drive Isolation Transformer - They are used to isolate a drive from a main power line to prevent the transmission of harmonics that the drives produce back into the power line.  They stop drive harmonics from disrupting computers and other sensitive equipment.
• Toroidal Transformers - Toroidal Transformers are more efficient than the cheaper laminated EI types of similar power level. Some of the advantages are smaller size, lower weight, less mechanical hum, (making them superior in audio amplifier), low-off-load loss.

 Power Transformer Types

• Step-Up Transformers - A Step-Up Transformer is one whose secondary voltage is greater than its primary voltage.  This kind of transformer "steps up" the voltage applied to it. -
• Step-Down Transformers - A Step-Down Transformer is  designed to reduce voltage from primary to secondary.  They can range from sizes from .05 KVA to 500 KVA
• Isolation Transformers - An Isolation Transformer is a device that transfers energy from the alternating current (AC) supply to an electrical or electronic load.  It isolates the windings to prevent transmitting certain types of harmonics.
• Buck Boost Transformers - Buck Boost Transformers make small adjustments to the incoming voltage. They are often used to change voltage from 208v to 240v for lighting applications.  Major advantages of Buck boost transformers include; low cost, compact size and light weight. 
• High Voltage Transformer - There are many different types of voltage transformers. A High Voltage Transformer operates with high voltages. Typically, these voltage transformers are used in power transmission applications, where voltages are high enough to present a safety hazard.
• Medium Voltage Transformers - A Medium Voltage Transformer can be connected directly to a primary distribution circuit and generally has the most load diversity. These voltage transformers have installation practices that are generally in accordance with application recommendations from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).
• Low Voltage Transformers - A Low Voltage Transformer is an electrical device that transforms 120 volts (line voltage) into 12 volts or 24 volts (low voltage). Some uses for low voltage transformer are in landscaping lighting.
• Single Phase Transformers - In electrical engineering, single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors.
• Three Phase Transformers - Three Phase Transformers must have 3 coils or windings connected in the proper sequence in order to match the incoming power and therefore transform the power company voltage to the level of voltage needed while maintaining the proper phasing or polarity.
• Custom Transformers - Custom Transformers are designed for a certain performance specifications and size requirements.  The company works with your engineering specification. 
• Industrial Control Transformers - Industrial Control Transformers are used to convert the available supply voltage to the required voltage to supply industrial control circuits and motor control loads.
• Pad Mounted Transformers - Pad Mounted Transformers are usually single phase, or three phase, and used where safety is a main concern. Typical applications; restaurant, commercial building, shopping mall, institutional. 
• Pole Mounted Transformers - Pole Mounted Transformers are used for distribution in areas with overhead primary lines. Outside a typical house one can see one of these devices mounted on the top of an electrical pole.
• Oil Filled Transformers - Oil Filled Transformers are transformers that use insulating oil as insulating materials.  The oil helps cool the transformer. Because it also provides part of the electrical insulation between internal live parts, transformer oil must remain stable at high temperatures over an extended period.
• Dry Type Transformers - Dry-Type Transformers are available for voltages up through 34.5 kV (although the most common upper limit is 15) and KVA ratings up through 10,000 (with 5000 as the usual limit). Dry-type use air as a coolant, lowering health and environmentally concerns.
• Auto Transformers - An Autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding. The winding has at least three electrical connection points called taps. Autotransformers are frequently used in power applications to interconnect systems operating at different voltage classes, for example 138 kV to 66 kV for transmission. Another application is in industry to adapt machinery built for 480 V supplies to operate on the local 600 V supply.
• More power transformer types - Read further about additional transformer types and their uses.

 Power Transformer Term Definitions

• Electrical Transformers - Electrical Transformers are devices used to raise or lower the voltage of alternating current. For instance, power is transported over long distance in high voltage power lines and then transformers lower the voltage so that the power can be used by a business or household.
• Isolating Transformers - An Isolating Transformer is a transformer, often with symmetrical windings, which is used to decouple two circuits.  An Isolation transformer allows an AC signal or power to be taken from one device and fed into another without electrically connecting the two circuits. Isolation transformers block transmission of DC signals from one circuit to the other, but allow AC signals to pass. 
• Transmission Power Lines - A Transmission Line is the material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves as well as electric power transmission. Components of transmission lines include wires, coaxial cables,  dielectric slabs, option fibers, electric power lines, and waveguides.
• Transformer Voltage - The measure of the amount of force on a unit charge because of the surrounding charge.
• Transformer Phase - Most transformer are either single phase or three phase.
• Transformer Frequency - The transformer cannot change the frequency of the supply. If the supply is 60 hertz, the output will also be 60 hertz.
• Transformer K Factor - Some transformers are now being offered with a k-factor rating. This measure the transformer's ability to withstand the heating effects of non-sinusoidal harmonic currents produced by much of today's electronic equipment and certain electrical equipment.
• Primary Voltage - The coil winding that is directly connected to the input power.
• Secondary Voltage - The coil winding  supplying the output voltage.
• Harmonic Cancellation - Harmonic cancellation is performed with harmonic canceling transformers also known as phase-shifting transformers. A harmonic canceling transformer is a relatively new power quality product for mitigating harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This type of transformer has patented built-in electromagnetic technology designed to remove high neutral current and the most harmful harmonics from the 3rd through 21st.
• Weatherproof - Enclosed transformers come with a weatherproof standard set by NEMA.
• Epoxy Encapsulated - A process in which a transformer or one of its components is completely sealed with epoxy or a similar material. This process is normally preferred when a unit might encounter harsh environmental conditions.
• More power transformer terms - Such as inductor, ground fault, core saturation, current transformer, faraday shield, etc.

Related Transformer Products

• Voltage Regulators - A Voltage Regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.  It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
• AC Line Reactor - AC Line Reactors is a three phase transformer used in conjunction with AC variable frequency and DC motor drive. They are a bi-directional protective filtering device.
• Line Power Conditioners - Power or Line Conditioners regulate, filter, and suppress noise in AC power for sensitive computer and other solid state equipment.
• DC Power Supplies - Conversion of one form of electrical power to another desired form and voltage. This typically involves converting 120 or 240 volt AC supplied by a utility company to a well-regulated lower voltage DC for electronic devices.
• Rotary Phase Converters - Rotary Phase Converters are commonly used in home or small commercial or industrial settings. Rotary phase converters convert single-phase power into three-phase power. This is a very cost-effective way to power three-phase electric motors and other three phase equipment.
• Frequency Converters - A Frequency Changer or Frequency Converter is an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency.
• Voltage Converters - A Voltage Converter changes the voltage of an electrical power source and is usually combined with other components to create a power supply.
• Magnetic Motor Starters - Magnetic Motor Starters are essentially heavy duty relays mounted in boxes, often equipped with heater/thermal overloads matched to the motor they start.
• Motor Starting Auto Transformers - An Auto Transformer starter uses an auto transformer to reduce the voltage applied to a motor during start. The auto transformer may have a number of output taps and be set-up to provide a single stage starter, or a multistage starter.

For an additional resource the Best of Industry Web Directory : Electrical Power Transformer Directory section is quite useful.