Hammond General Purpose Distribution Transformers

ENERGY EFFICIENCY (NEMA TP-1 & CSA C802.2)
Energy Efficiency (NEMA TP-1 & CSA C802.2) . . . Today’s Standard
In the past several years, there has been an accelerated rate of change to introduce energy efficiency standards for transformers in North America. Many products have preceded the initiatives for transformers in an overall effort to optimize manufactured goods for environmental concerns. Governments are encouraging users to consider energy efficient products like dry-type transformers, in an effort to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
In addition to the benefits to the environment, energy efficient transformers also can realize substantial savings in operating costs thereby having a direct impact on the initial investment evaluated over a period of time. The laws in North America state that all dry-type distribution transformers (as defined below) manufactured after January 1st, 2007 in the US and January 1st, 2005 in Canada, must meet the minumum energy efficiency standards outlined by NEMA TP-1-2002 (US) and C802.2 (Canada). The range of product covered by these standards are: The HPS lines of 600 volt class energy efficient distribution transformers illustrated in this section, meet these standards. They meet or exceed the minimum efficiencies required for NEMA & CSA. These efficiencies are at their maximum at 35% of the nameplate kVA transformer capacity.

The specifications covering energy efficiency in transformers in North America are the NEMA Standards
Publication, TP1-2002, “Guide for Determining Energy Efficiency for Distribution Transformers” and the CSA
Efficiency Standard Document C802, “Maximum Losses for Distribution, Power and Dry-Type Transformers”.
These specifications have carefully considered the total owning cost unique for industrial or commercial installations where the load factor is an integral part of the efficiency rating.

Product Features and Applications:

HPS offers three lines of energy efficient distribution transformers, they include:
Linear Load General Purpose Transformers
General purpose distribution transformers are rated for 600 volts and below. They are generally used for
supplying appliance, lighting, heating, motorized machine and power loads from electrical distribution systems.
They are either ventilated, totally enclosed, or encapsulated (potted). For non-linear loads, all standard TP1
distribution transformers have to be derated to allow for additional heat due to harmonic losses.
Non-Linear Load K-Factor Transformers
The use of k-factor distribution transformers has become a popular means of addressing harmonic related
overheating problems where electronic ballasts, drives, personal computers, telecommunications equipment,
broadcasting equipment and other similar power electronics are found in high concentrations. These non-linear
loads generate harmonic currents which can substantially increase transformer losses. The k-rated transformer
has a more rugged design intended to prevent failure due to overheating. K-factor is defined as a ratio between the additional losses due to harmonics and the eddy current losses at 60Hz. It is used to specify transformers for non-linear loads. Transformers with a rated k-factor of 4, 13, 20 and other are available.
Harmonic Mitigating Transformers
Harmonic Mitigating transformers are superior to k-rated and general purpose transformers in that they reduce
voltage distortion (flat-topping) and power losses due to current harmonics created by single-phase, non-linear
loads such as computer equipment. Secondary windings are arranged to cancel zero sequence fluxes and
eliminate primary winding circulating currents. They treat zero sequence harmonics (3rd, 9th and 15th) within the
secondary windings and 5th and 7th harmonics upstream with appropriate phase shifting. Dual output, phase shifting Harmonic Mitigating Transformers provide extremely low output voltage distortion and input current distortion even under severe non-linear load conditions (Data Centers, Internet Service Providers, Telecom Sites, Call Centers, Broadcasting Studios, etc.). Combining zero sequence flux cancellation with phase shifting treats 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 15th, 17th and 19th harmonics within its secondary windings.
Features of Harmonic Mitigating Transformers:
•Prevents voltage flat-topping caused by non-linear loads
• Reduces upstream harmonic currents
• Eliminates transformer overheating and high operating temperatures
• Eliminates primary winding circulating current
• Saves energy by reducing harmonic losses
• Maintains high energy efficiency even under severe non-linear loading conditions
• Electrostatic shielding for high frequency noise attenuation
• Reduces voltage distortion to prevent premature equipment failure
• Restores ride-through capability of computer equipment
• Treats power quality harmonic issues which k-rated transformers do not address
• Suitable for high k-factor loads
• Reduces current distortion at UPS, generator or Utility service
• Improves Upstream Total Power Factor
• Exceeds NEMA TP1, CSA C802.2-00 EnergyStar®
• Helps meet IEEE Standard 519 harmonic limits

HPS Energy Efficient Distribution Transformer Product Offering:

Energy efficient general purpose transformers are designed for linear loads and are most frequently used for
applications such as commercial buildings which will supply a variety of general loads.
HPS Sentinel (part number prefix nmk or nmf)
• Meets TP1 and C802.2 efficiencies at 35% of rated load.
• Efficiencies are calculated under a linear load profile.
• Copper and Aluminum Available.
HPS SuperSentinel (part number prefix smk or smf)
• Exceeds TP1 and C802.2 efficiencies at an operating range from 35% to 65% of rated load.
• Efficiency performance will be 25% better than TP1 and C802.2 standards when measured under a linear
load profile.
• Copper and Aluminum Available.

HPS Sentinel

ENERGY EFFICIENT GENERAL PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
ALUMINUM WOUND, SINGLE PHASE

Selection Charts

208 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

240/480 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

277 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

416 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

SINGLE PHASE, EXPORT MODEL

190/200/208/220 X 380/400/416/440 Primary Volts120/240 Secondary Volts 50/60 Hz

COPPER WOUND, SINGLE PHASE

208 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

240/480 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

277 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

416 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Primary Volts 120/240 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

SINGLE PHASE, EXPORT MODEL

190/200/208/220 X 380/400/416/440 Primary Volts120/240 Secondary Volts 50/60 Hz

HPS Sentinel

600 VOLT CLASS ENERGY EFFICIENT GENERAL PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER

SELECTION CHARTS

ALUMINUM WOUND, THREE PHASE

208 Primary Volts 208Y/120 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

208 Primary Volts 480Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

240 Primary Volts 208Y/120 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

240 Primary Volts 480Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz
 

240 Delta Primary Volts 208/120 CT Secondary Volts 60Hz

480 Delta Primary Volts 240 Delta/120 CT Secondary Volts 60 Hz

480 Delta Primary Volts 480 Delta/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Delta Primary Volts 208Y/120 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600Y Primary Volts 240 DELTA Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Delta Primary Volts 480Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

COPPER WOUND, THREE PHASE

240 Delta Primary Volts 480Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

480 Delta Primary Volts 208Y/120 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

480 Delta Primary Volts 240 Delta/120 CT Secondary Volts 60 Hz

COPPER WOUND, THREE PHASE

480 Delta Primary Volts 408Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Delta Primary Volts 208Y/120 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Delta Primary Volts 240 Delta Secondary Volts 60 Hz

600 Delta Primary Volts 480Y/277 Secondary Volts 60 Hz

o     HAMMOND INDUSTRIAL CONTROL TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND  BUCK BOOST TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND   LINE REACTOR TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND DRIVE ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND MOTOR STARTING AUTO TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND GENERAL PURPOSE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND K-FACTOR TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND ENCAPSULATED TRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND  AUTOTRANSFORMERS

o     HAMMOND GENERAL PURPOSE MEDIUM VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

Power Transformer Information:

 Power Transformer Manufacturer

• ACME Transformers - With Acme Electric being in business over 80 years, they have always believed in offering there customers superior service, quality and technical expertise in the transformer market.
• AMVECO Transformers - AMVECO designs and manufactures toroids transformers, current transformers, and auto transformers. Most AMVECO products are custom designed utilizing their state-of-art proprietary CAD programs.  The AMVECO engineers can quickly generate designs in a matter of hours, if needed.
• Federal Pacific Transformers -  Federal Pacific is a division of Electro- Mechanical Corporation, a privately held, American owned company founded in 1958. Federal pacific offers dry-type transformers from .050 KVA through 10,000 KVA single and three phase, up to 34.5 KV, 150 KV BIL with UL approval through 15 KV.
• Marcus Transformer - Ever since they opened their doors for business a half a century ago, they have been a leader in innovative transformer design. As a family-owned company they are proud of the reputation they have earned for making quality-built transformers that deliver exceptional performance and savings.
• Hammond Transformers -  Hammond Manufacturing was founded in 1917 in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. In the last 3 decades it has expanded to the US and the international markets offering many types of power transformers. 
• TEMCo Transformers - TEMCo Transformer, a family-owned business which has been manufacturing and distributing electrical products since 1968. They focus on transformers that significantly reduce power consumption over 30 percent compared to competitive makes.
• GE Transformers - GE has been a key player in the energy industry for more than a century.  Since the installation of their first steam turbine in 1901. They have become number one provider of high-technology power generation and distribution equipment.
• Jefferson Electric Transformers - Jefferson Electric has been a pioneer and innovator of magnetic products since 1915. Jefferson broad line of dry-type transformers are backed by quality assurance systems so stringent that each and every unit gets thoroughly tested before it goes out there door.
• More power transformer brands - Check out more companies by clinking this link.

 Power Transformer Types

• Distribution Transformers - Distribution transformers are generally used in electrical power distribution and transmission power. This class of transformer has the highest power, or volt-ampere ratings. and the highest continuous  voltage rating.
• Substation Transformers - Substation Transformers are large devices which usually weigh tens of thousands of pounds.   They are filled with tens of thousands of gallons of heat transfer fluid.  Although they are typically 99.8% efficient in the transforming of electricity from one voltage to another, processing hundreds of Mega Volts-Amps of electricity force the liberation of hundreds of BTUs per second.
• Medical Grade Isolation
   Transformer - Medical Grade Transformers generally refer to the transformers used in medical devices as well as hospital, biomedical and patient care equipment. There are a number of strict safety rules, guidelines and laws governing the design, construction and the test of these transformers.
• Drive Isolation Transformer - They are used to isolate a drive from a main power line to prevent the transmission of harmonics that the drives produce back into the power line.  They stop drive harmonics from disrupting computers and other sensitive equipment.
• Toroidal Transformers - Toroidal Transformers are more efficient than the cheaper laminated EI types of similar power level. Some of the advantages are smaller size, lower weight, less mechanical hum, (making them superior in audio amplifier), low-off-load loss.

 Power Transformer Types

• Step-Up Transformers - A Step-Up Transformer is one whose secondary voltage is greater than its primary voltage.  This kind of transformer "steps up" the voltage applied to it. -
• Step-Down Transformers - A Step-Down Transformer is  designed to reduce voltage from primary to secondary.  They can range from sizes from .05 KVA to 500 KVA
• Isolation Transformers - An Isolation Transformer is a device that transfers energy from the alternating current (AC) supply to an electrical or electronic load.  It isolates the windings to prevent transmitting certain types of harmonics.
• Buck Boost Transformers - Buck Boost Transformers make small adjustments to the incoming voltage. They are often used to change voltage from 208v to 240v for lighting applications.  Major advantages of Buck boost transformers include; low cost, compact size and light weight. 
• High Voltage Transformer - There are many different types of voltage transformers. A High Voltage Transformer operates with high voltages. Typically, these voltage transformers are used in power transmission applications, where voltages are high enough to present a safety hazard.
• Medium Voltage Transformers - A Medium Voltage Transformer can be connected directly to a primary distribution circuit and generally has the most load diversity. These voltage transformers have installation practices that are generally in accordance with application recommendations from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).
• Low Voltage Transformers - A Low Voltage Transformer is an electrical device that transforms 120 volts (line voltage) into 12 volts or 24 volts (low voltage). Some uses for low voltage transformer are in landscaping lighting.
• Single Phase Transformers - In electrical engineering, single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of electric power using a system in which all the voltages of the supply vary in unison. Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting and heating, with few large electric motors.
• Three Phase Transformers - Three Phase Transformers must have 3 coils or windings connected in the proper sequence in order to match the incoming power and therefore transform the power company voltage to the level of voltage needed while maintaining the proper phasing or polarity.
• Custom Transformers - Custom Transformers are designed for a certain performance specifications and size requirements.  The company works with your engineering specification. 
• Industrial Control Transformers - Industrial Control Transformers are used to convert the available supply voltage to the required voltage to supply industrial control circuits and motor control loads.
• Pad Mounted Transformers - Pad Mounted Transformers are usually single phase, or three phase, and used where safety is a main concern. Typical applications; restaurant, commercial building, shopping mall, institutional. 
• Pole Mounted Transformers - Pole Mounted Transformers are used for distribution in areas with overhead primary lines. Outside a typical house one can see one of these devices mounted on the top of an electrical pole.
• Oil Filled Transformers - Oil Filled Transformers are transformers that use insulating oil as insulating materials.  The oil helps cool the transformer. Because it also provides part of the electrical insulation between internal live parts, transformer oil must remain stable at high temperatures over an extended period.
• Dry Type Transformers - Dry-Type Transformers are available for voltages up through 34.5 kV (although the most common upper limit is 15) and KVA ratings up through 10,000 (with 5000 as the usual limit). Dry-type use air as a coolant, lowering health and environmentally concerns.
• Auto Transformers - An Autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding. The winding has at least three electrical connection points called taps. Autotransformers are frequently used in power applications to interconnect systems operating at different voltage classes, for example 138 kV to 66 kV for transmission. Another application is in industry to adapt machinery built for 480 V supplies to operate on the local 600 V supply.
• More power transformer types - Read further about additional transformer types and their uses.

 Power Transformer Term Definitions

• Electrical Transformers - Electrical Transformers are devices used to raise or lower the voltage of alternating current. For instance, power is transported over long distance in high voltage power lines and then transformers lower the voltage so that the power can be used by a business or household.
• Isolating Transformers - An Isolating Transformer is a transformer, often with symmetrical windings, which is used to decouple two circuits.  An Isolation transformer allows an AC signal or power to be taken from one device and fed into another without electrically connecting the two circuits. Isolation transformers block transmission of DC signals from one circuit to the other, but allow AC signals to pass. 
• Transmission Power Lines - A Transmission Line is the material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves as well as electric power transmission. Components of transmission lines include wires, coaxial cables,  dielectric slabs, option fibers, electric power lines, and waveguides.
• Transformer Voltage - The measure of the amount of force on a unit charge because of the surrounding charge.
• Transformer Phase - Most transformer are either single phase or three phase.
• Transformer Frequency - The transformer cannot change the frequency of the supply. If the supply is 60 hertz, the output will also be 60 hertz.
• Transformer K Factor - Some transformers are now being offered with a k-factor rating. This measure the transformer's ability to withstand the heating effects of non-sinusoidal harmonic currents produced by much of today's electronic equipment and certain electrical equipment.
• Primary Voltage - The coil winding that is directly connected to the input power.
• Secondary Voltage - The coil winding  supplying the output voltage.
• Harmonic Cancellation - Harmonic cancellation is performed with harmonic canceling transformers also known as phase-shifting transformers. A harmonic canceling transformer is a relatively new power quality product for mitigating harmonic problems in electrical distribution systems. This type of transformer has patented built-in electromagnetic technology designed to remove high neutral current and the most harmful harmonics from the 3rd through 21st.
• Weatherproof - Enclosed transformers come with a weatherproof standard set by NEMA.
• Epoxy Encapsulated - A process in which a transformer or one of its components is completely sealed with epoxy or a similar material. This process is normally preferred when a unit might encounter harsh environmental conditions.
• More power transformer terms - Such as inductor, ground fault, core saturation, current transformer, faraday shield, etc.

Related Transformer Products

• Voltage Regulators - A Voltage Regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.  It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
• AC Line Reactor - AC Line Reactors is a three phase transformer used in conjunction with AC variable frequency and DC motor drive. They are a bi-directional protective filtering device.
• Line Power Conditioners - Power or Line Conditioners regulate, filter, and suppress noise in AC power for sensitive computer and other solid state equipment.
• DC Power Supplies - Conversion of one form of electrical power to another desired form and voltage. This typically involves converting 120 or 240 volt AC supplied by a utility company to a well-regulated lower voltage DC for electronic devices.
• Rotary Phase Converters - Rotary Phase Converters are commonly used in home or small commercial or industrial settings. Rotary phase converters convert single-phase power into three-phase power. This is a very cost-effective way to power three-phase electric motors and other three phase equipment.
• Frequency Converters - A Frequency Changer or Frequency Converter is an electronic device that converts alternating current (AC) of one frequency to alternating current of another frequency.
• Voltage Converters - A Voltage Converter changes the voltage of an electrical power source and is usually combined with other components to create a power supply.
• Magnetic Motor Starters - Magnetic Motor Starters are essentially heavy duty relays mounted in boxes, often equipped with heater/thermal overloads matched to the motor they start.
• Motor Starting Auto Transformers - An Auto Transformer starter uses an auto transformer to reduce the voltage applied to a motor during start. The auto transformer may have a number of output taps and be set-up to provide a single stage starter, or a multistage starter.

For an additional resource the Best of Industry Web Directory : Electrical Power Transformer Directory section is quite useful.